How to Calculate Insulin Dosage: US Guide

Determining the correct insulin dosage is a critical aspect of diabetes management, influencing blood glucose levels and overall health; therefore, understanding how do you calculate insulin dosage is essential for individuals using insulin in the United States. Insulin pens and syringes are common tools for administering insulin, each requiring precise dosage calculation to avoid hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) provides guidelines and resources that help individuals and healthcare professionals determine appropriate insulin doses based on factors such as carbohydrate intake, activity level, and current blood glucose readings. Moreover, understanding concepts like insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio becomes crucial when planning meals, as this ratio defines how many grams of carbohydrate are covered by one unit of insulin. Working closely with an endocrinologist or certified diabetes educator can greatly assist in personalizing your insulin regimen to suit your specific needs and lifestyle.

Mastering Insulin Dosage: A Foundation for Diabetes Management

Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. This occurs when the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.

Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, acts as a key. It allows glucose from the food we eat to enter cells. Glucose is used for energy.

In diabetes, this process is disrupted. Glucose accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to various health complications over time.

The Critical Role of Insulin

For many individuals with diabetes, insulin therapy is essential for managing blood glucose levels.

Insulin is not a one-size-fits-all solution. It comes in different types, with varying onset and duration of action.

The appropriate type and dosage are determined by a healthcare professional. This determination is based on individual needs and factors like food intake and activity level.

The Importance of Accurate Dosage

Accurate insulin dosage calculation is paramount for achieving optimal blood glucose control.

Too little insulin can lead to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).

Too much insulin can result in hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Both conditions can have serious consequences.

Hyperglycemia, over time, can damage organs, nerves, and blood vessels.

Hypoglycemia, if severe, can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, and even death.

Therefore, understanding the principles of insulin dosage and working closely with your healthcare team are vital.

A Word of Caution

The information provided in this article is for general knowledge and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice.

This information should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Always consult with your physician, endocrinologist, certified diabetes educator (CDE/CDCES), or other qualified healthcare provider for personalized guidance and treatment recommendations.

Self-treating diabetes can be dangerous. Reliance on the information in this article for treatment purposes is strictly at your own risk.

Your healthcare team can help you to determine a safe and effective insulin regimen tailored to your unique needs.

The Diabetes Dream Team: Assembling Your Healthcare Professionals

Managing diabetes, especially when insulin therapy is involved, is rarely a solo endeavor. Achieving optimal blood glucose control and preventing complications requires a collaborative effort. It's about building a Diabetes Dream Team of healthcare professionals, each with their unique expertise, working in concert to support your individual needs.

The Core Team: Specialists in Diabetes Care

This section introduces the key players on your team and highlights why consulting with each of them is not just beneficial, but often essential for safe and effective diabetes management.

Endocrinologists: The Insulin Experts

Endocrinologists are physicians specializing in hormonal disorders, including diabetes. Their expertise lies in diagnosing, treating, and managing diabetes, with a particular focus on insulin therapy.

• They are the go-to specialists for complex cases, difficult-to-control blood sugar levels, and initiation of insulin pump therapy.

• Consulting an Endocrinologists ensures you receive the most up-to-date and evidence-based recommendations for your insulin regimen.

• They can fine-tune your insulin dosages, adjust basal/bolus ratios, and address any underlying hormonal issues affecting your blood glucose control.

Certified Diabetes Educators (CDEs/CDCES): Your Knowledge Navigators

Certified Diabetes Educators (CDEs/CDCES) are healthcare professionals (nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, etc.) who have specialized knowledge and training in diabetes management. They act as educators, coaches, and advocates, helping you understand the intricacies of diabetes and empowering you to take control of your health.

• CDEs/CDCES provide personalized education on insulin administration techniques, blood glucose monitoring, carbohydrate counting, and lifestyle modifications.

• Their value lies in their ability to translate complex medical information into practical, easy-to-understand guidance.

• They can help you troubleshoot problems, develop coping strategies, and connect you with valuable resources and support networks.

Essential Support: Expanding the Circle of Care

While Endocrinologists and CDEs/CDCES form the core of your Diabetes Dream Team, other healthcare professionals play vital supporting roles.

Pharmacists: Your Medication Mentors

Pharmacists are medication experts. They play a critical role in dispensing your insulin and providing essential information about its proper storage, handling, and potential interactions with other medications.

• Don't hesitate to ask your pharmacist any questions you have about your insulin, including injection techniques, expiration dates, and potential side effects.

• They can also help you navigate insurance coverage and find cost-effective options for your insulin.

Primary Care Physicians (PCPs): The First Point of Contact

Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) are often the first healthcare professionals to diagnose diabetes and initiate initial management strategies, including, in some cases, insulin prescriptions.

• While PCPs can provide basic diabetes care, referral to an Endocrinologists is often necessary, particularly for individuals requiring insulin therapy.

• Endocrinologists possess the specialized knowledge and expertise to optimize insulin regimens and manage complex diabetes-related issues.

Registered Dietitians (RDs/RDNs): Your Nutritional Guides

Dietary management is a cornerstone of diabetes management, and Registered Dietitians (RDs/RDNs) are the experts in this area. They can help you develop a personalized meal plan that aligns with your insulin therapy and helps you achieve your blood glucose goals.

• RDs/RDNs provide guidance on carbohydrate counting, portion control, and food choices.

• They can also help you manage other dietary concerns, such as weight management, cholesterol levels, and food allergies.

You: The Most Important Team Member

While healthcare professionals provide guidance and support, you are the most important member of your Diabetes Dream Team. Understanding your diabetes, actively participating in your care, and consistently monitoring your blood glucose levels are crucial for successful insulin management.

• Empowering yourself with knowledge about insulin dosage calculation, injection techniques, and potential complications allows you to make informed decisions and proactively manage your health.

• Never hesitate to ask questions, express concerns, and advocate for your needs. Your voice matters, and your active participation is essential for achieving optimal outcomes.

Decoding Insulin: Core Concepts You Need to Know

Before diving into the specifics of insulin dosage calculation, it's crucial to grasp the underlying concepts. Understanding these principles will empower you to participate actively in your diabetes management and collaborate effectively with your healthcare team. Let's break down the key elements:

Diabetes Types and Insulin Dependence

Different types of diabetes may require insulin therapy, each with its own nuances:

• Type 1 Diabetes: In Type 1 Diabetes, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This complete lack of insulin production necessitates exogenous insulin for survival. Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes require insulin from the outset of their diagnosis.

• Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 Diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond effectively to insulin, and/or insufficient insulin production from the pancreas. While diet and exercise can often manage Type 2 Diabetes initially, many individuals eventually require insulin therapy. This need arises when the pancreas can no longer produce enough insulin to overcome insulin resistance and maintain healthy blood glucose levels.

• Gestational Diabetes: Gestational Diabetes develops during pregnancy in women who did not previously have diabetes. Insulin may be needed if dietary changes and exercise are not sufficient to control blood glucose levels to protect both the mother and the developing baby. Gestational Diabetes usually resolves after delivery, but it increases the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes later in life.

Insulin Sensitivity and Resistance

Insulin sensitivity and resistance play a significant role in determining insulin dosage:

• Insulin Sensitivity: Insulin sensitivity refers to how responsive your body is to insulin. High insulin sensitivity means that a smaller amount of insulin is needed to lower blood glucose levels. Factors like regular physical activity, a healthy diet, and certain medications can improve insulin sensitivity.

• Insulin Resistance: Insulin resistance is the opposite of insulin sensitivity. It means that your body's cells do not respond normally to insulin, requiring larger amounts of insulin to achieve the same effect. Conditions like obesity, inactivity, and certain medical conditions can contribute to insulin resistance.

  Strategies to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance include:

  • Regular physical activity.
  • Weight management.
  • A healthy, balanced diet.
  • Medications (as prescribed by your doctor).

Carbohydrate Counting: The Foundation of Flexible Dosing

Carbohydrate counting is a meal planning technique used to match insulin doses to the amount of carbohydrate you eat. It's a cornerstone of flexible insulin therapy, allowing for more freedom in food choices.

Practical Tips for Accurate Carbohydrate Counting

• Read food labels carefully: Pay attention to the serving size and total carbohydrate content.
• Use measuring cups and spoons: Accurate portion control is essential.
• Utilize carbohydrate counting apps or resources: These tools can help you estimate the carbohydrate content of various foods.
• Consider the impact of fiber: High-fiber foods can slow down carbohydrate absorption.
• Keep a food diary: Tracking your food intake can help you identify patterns and make adjustments to your insulin doses.

Understanding Insulin-to-Carb Ratio (ICR)

The Insulin-to-Carb Ratio (ICR) indicates how many grams of carbohydrate are covered by one unit of insulin. It's a personalized ratio that helps determine the bolus insulin dose needed for meals.

Determining and Adjusting ICR

• ICR is typically determined with the guidance of your diabetes healthcare team.
• It can vary depending on the time of day, activity level, and other factors.

• To calculate ICR, divide 500 by your total daily dose of insulin (TDD).

  Example: If your TDD is 50 units, your ICR would be 500/50 = 10. This means that 1 unit of insulin covers 10 grams of carbohydrate.

• ICR may need to be adjusted based on blood glucose patterns and individual needs.

Insulin Sensitivity Factor (ISF) / Correction Factor

The Insulin Sensitivity Factor (ISF), also known as the correction factor, indicates how much one unit of insulin will lower your blood glucose level. It's used to calculate the bolus insulin dose needed to correct high blood sugar.

Determining and Adjusting ISF

• ISF is typically determined with the guidance of your diabetes healthcare team.
• It can vary depending on the time of day, activity level, and other factors.

• To estimate ISF, divide 1800 by your total daily dose of insulin (TDD).

  Example: If your TDD is 50 units, your ISF would be 1800/50 = 36. This means that 1 unit of insulin will lower your blood glucose level by 36 mg/dL.

• ISF may need to be adjusted based on blood glucose patterns and individual needs.

Target Blood Glucose Range: Your Personal Goal

Your target blood glucose range is the range within which you aim to keep your blood sugar levels. This range is individualized based on factors like age, health status, and pregnancy.

• Typical target blood glucose ranges are:

  • Before meals: 80-130 mg/dL
  • 1-2 hours after meals: Less than 180 mg/dL
• Work with your healthcare team to determine your optimal target range.

Basal Insulin: The Foundation

Basal insulin is long-acting insulin that provides a steady background level of insulin to keep blood glucose levels stable between meals and overnight. It's like the foundation upon which your bolus insulin doses are built.

Types and Durations of Basal Insulin

• Glargine (Lantus, Basaglar, Toujeo): Long-acting, lasts up to 24 hours or longer.
• Detemir (Levemir): Long-acting, lasts up to 12-24 hours.
• Degludec (Tresiba): Ultra-long-acting, lasts up to 42 hours.
• NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N): Intermediate-acting, lasts 10-16 hours, but has a more pronounced peak, so it is less commonly used as basal insulin now.

Bolus Insulin: Covering Meals and Corrections

Bolus insulin is rapid-acting or short-acting insulin that is taken before meals to cover the carbohydrate content of the food. It is also used to correct high blood glucose levels between meals.

Types and Action Times of Bolus Insulin

• Rapid-acting: Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog), Glulisine (Apidra); onset in 15 minutes, peak in 1-2 hours, duration of 3-5 hours.
• Short-acting: Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R); onset in 30 minutes, peak in 2-3 hours, duration of 5-8 hours.

Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia: Recognizing and Responding

Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) are potential complications of insulin therapy. Knowing how to recognize and manage these conditions is crucial.

Hyperglycemia

• Definition: Blood glucose levels above your target range.
• Symptoms: Increased thirst, frequent urination, blurred vision, fatigue, headache.
• Correction strategies: Administer bolus insulin, drink plenty of water, check for ketones.

Hypoglycemia

• Definition: Blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL.
• Symptoms: Shakiness, sweating, dizziness, confusion, hunger, irritability.
• Treatment: Consume 15-20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates (e.g., glucose tablets, juice), recheck blood glucose after 15 minutes, repeat if necessary.
• Prevention: Consistent meal timing, accurate carbohydrate counting, regular blood glucose monitoring.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM): A Game Changer

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices track blood glucose levels in real-time, providing valuable data for optimizing insulin dosage. CGMs can help identify trends, prevent hypoglycemia, and improve overall blood glucose control.

• CGMs provide continuous glucose readings, trend arrows, and alerts for high and low blood glucose levels.
• This data can be used to adjust basal and bolus insulin doses, fine-tuning your insulin regimen.

Insulin Pumps: Advanced Insulin Delivery

Insulin pumps are small, computerized devices that deliver insulin continuously throughout the day and night. They offer a more flexible and precise way to manage blood glucose levels.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Insulin Pumps

• Advantages:

  • Precise insulin delivery.
  • Flexibility in meal timing and activity levels.
  • Reduced need for multiple daily injections.
  • Ability to deliver bolus doses for meals and corrections.

• Disadvantages:

  • Requires training and commitment.
  • Risk of pump malfunction or site infections.
  • Can be expensive.
  • User must be comfortable with wearing a device.

Sliding Scale Insulin: A Less Flexible Approach

Sliding scale insulin is a pre-determined schedule of insulin doses based on blood glucose levels. While it may seem simple, it's generally discouraged for long-term management because it's reactive rather than proactive. It does not account for carbohydrate intake or individual needs.

• Sliding scale insulin can be useful in specific situations, such as during illness or hospitalization.
• However, it's not ideal for long-term diabetes management due to its lack of flexibility and potential for blood glucose fluctuations.

Insulin Units (U): The Standard Measurement

It is important to clarify that insulin dosage is always measured in Units (U). You might hear something like "I take 20 of insulin," but it is more accurate to say, "I take 20 units of insulin."

American Diabetes Association (ADA): Your Reliable Resource

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) is a leading source of information and resources on diabetes management. Refer to the ADA website for the latest guidelines, research, and educational materials.

Understanding these core concepts is fundamental to effective insulin management. Remember to consult with your healthcare team for personalized guidance and support as you navigate your diabetes journey.

Arming Yourself: Practical Tools and Insulin Types for Success

Before diving into the specifics of insulin dosage calculation, it's crucial to grasp the underlying concepts. Understanding these principles will empower you to participate actively in your diabetes management and collaborate effectively with your healthcare team. Let's break down the key elements:

Effectively managing your diabetes and optimizing your insulin dosage relies on having the right tools and a clear understanding of the different types of insulin available. This section details essential equipment, resources, and insulin classifications, empowering you to navigate your insulin therapy with confidence.

Essential Tools for Insulin Management

A variety of tools can aid in monitoring and administering insulin, contributing to better glycemic control.

Blood Glucose Meters: Your Real-Time Data Source

Blood glucose meters are indispensable devices for monitoring blood sugar levels. Regular testing provides crucial data for making informed dosage adjustments.

Choose a meter that is accurate, easy to use, and meets your individual needs. Factors to consider include size, display clarity, testing speed, and data storage capabilities.

Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs): Proactive Insights

Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) offer a more comprehensive view of your glucose levels. These devices track glucose continuously throughout the day and night.

CGMs provide real-time data, trend arrows, and alerts, enabling proactive adjustments to your insulin dosage to prevent both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Consult with your healthcare provider to determine if a CGM is right for you.

Insulin Pens: Convenience and Precision

Insulin pens provide a convenient and discreet method for insulin delivery. They offer pre-filled cartridges and adjustable dials for accurate dosing.

Insulin pens are particularly useful for individuals who require multiple daily injections, offering portability and ease of use. Proper technique is essential to ensure accurate delivery.

Insulin Syringes: A Traditional Approach

Insulin syringes remain a reliable and affordable option for manual insulin injection. Available in various sizes and needle gauges, they allow for precise dosing.

It’s crucial to use the correct type of syringe for your insulin concentration (U-100 or U-500). Proper injection technique and disposal methods are essential for safety and effectiveness.

Insulin Pumps: Advanced Delivery Systems

Insulin pumps are small, computerized devices that deliver a continuous, controlled flow of insulin throughout the day and night. They offer greater flexibility and precision in insulin delivery compared to traditional injections.

Pumps can be programmed to deliver basal insulin (a steady background dose) and bolus insulin (mealtime doses). They require thorough training and education to use effectively.

Leveraging Technology: Carbohydrate Counting Apps

Carbohydrate counting apps can be invaluable tools for managing your carbohydrate intake and calculating appropriate insulin doses. These apps allow you to track the carbohydrate content of your meals.

They also often include features for calculating insulin dosages based on your insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio. This empowers you to match your insulin dose more precisely to your food intake.

A Word of Caution: Insulin Dosage Calculators

Insulin dosage calculators can assist in determining appropriate insulin doses based on various factors, such as blood glucose levels, carbohydrate intake, and insulin sensitivity.

However, it's crucial to remember that these calculators should only be used under the guidance and supervision of your healthcare provider. Individual needs and circumstances vary, and relying solely on a calculator without professional oversight can lead to incorrect dosing and potential complications.

Tracking Your Progress: Logbooks (Physical or Digital)

Maintaining a detailed logbook, whether physical or digital, is essential for effective diabetes management. Record your blood sugar levels, insulin doses, food intake, physical activity, and any other relevant information.

This record provides valuable data for you and your healthcare team to identify patterns, adjust your insulin regimen, and optimize your glycemic control. Consistency in logging is key to maximizing its benefits.

Understanding Insulin Types: Onset and Duration

Insulin is classified based on its onset, peak, and duration of action. Understanding these characteristics is crucial for selecting the appropriate insulin type for your individual needs.

Rapid-Acting Insulin

• Examples: Lispro (Humalog), Aspart (Novolog), Glulisine (Apidra)
• Onset: 15-30 minutes
• Peak: 1-2 hours
• Duration: 3-5 hours

Rapid-acting insulin is typically used before meals to cover carbohydrate intake and correct high blood sugar levels.

Short-Acting Insulin

• Examples: Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
• Onset: 30 minutes - 1 hour
• Peak: 2-4 hours
• Duration: 5-8 hours

Short-acting insulin is also used before meals but has a slower onset and longer duration compared to rapid-acting insulin.

Intermediate-Acting Insulin

• Examples: NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)
• Onset: 1-2 hours
• Peak: 4-12 hours
• Duration: 12-18 hours

Intermediate-acting insulin provides a longer-lasting background level of insulin and is often used in combination with rapid- or short-acting insulin.

Long-Acting Insulin

• Examples: Glargine (Lantus, Basaglar, Toujeo), Detemir (Levemir), Degludec (Tresiba)
• Onset: Several hours
• Peak: Minimal peak
• Duration: Up to 24 hours or longer

Long-acting insulin provides a steady, basal level of insulin to cover your body’s needs between meals and overnight.

Pre-Mixed Insulin

Pre-mixed insulin combines a fixed ratio of intermediate-acting and rapid- or short-acting insulin in one injection.

These can simplify insulin regimens for some individuals, but they offer less flexibility in adjusting doses. Discuss if this option is right for you with your healthcare provider.

Choosing the right tools and understanding the characteristics of different insulin types are essential steps in effectively managing your diabetes and optimizing your insulin therapy. Always consult with your healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate tools and insulin regimen for your individual needs.

Stay Safe: Recognizing and Preventing Potential Complications

Insulin therapy, while life-saving, carries potential risks. Understanding these risks and how to mitigate them is paramount for your safety and well-being. This section outlines critical safety considerations, empowering you to proactively prevent and manage potential complications related to insulin use. It will provide guidance on identifying and addressing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, understanding the significance of ketones and DKA, and knowing when emergency medical attention is necessary.

Recognizing and Managing Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia

Maintaining optimal blood glucose levels is the cornerstone of diabetes management. Both hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can pose immediate and long-term health risks. Early recognition and appropriate management are key to preventing serious consequences.

Hyperglycemia: Identifying and Addressing High Blood Sugar

Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels are consistently above your target range. Symptoms can develop gradually and may include:

• Increased thirst and frequent urination
• Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Headaches

If you experience these symptoms, check your blood glucose level. If it's high, consider the potential causes, such as:

• Missed insulin dose
• Overeating
• Illness or infection
• Stress

Work with your healthcare team to develop a plan for correcting hyperglycemia. This may involve adjusting your insulin dosage, drinking plenty of water, and monitoring your blood glucose levels more frequently. Persistent or severe hyperglycemia requires immediate medical attention.

Hypoglycemia: Recognizing and Treating Low Blood Sugar

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels drop below your target range. This can happen quickly and can be dangerous. Symptoms can vary from person to person, but common signs include:

• Shakiness and sweating
• Dizziness and confusion
• Hunger
• Irritability or anxiety
• Rapid heartbeat

If you suspect hypoglycemia, check your blood glucose level immediately. If it's low (typically below 70 mg/dL), take action:

1. Consume 15-20 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets, fruit juice, or regular (non-diet) soda.

2. Wait 15 minutes and recheck your blood glucose level.

3. If your blood glucose is still low, repeat steps 1 and 2.

4. Once your blood glucose is back in your target range, eat a small snack containing both carbohydrates and protein to prevent a recurrence.

If you experience severe hypoglycemia and are unable to treat yourself, someone should administer glucagon (if available) and call for emergency medical assistance. Work with your healthcare team to identify the causes of your hypoglycemia and adjust your insulin regimen accordingly.

Understanding Ketones and the Risk of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

When your body doesn't have enough insulin to use glucose for energy, it starts breaking down fat for fuel. This process produces ketones, which are acidic chemicals that can build up in your blood and urine. High levels of ketones can lead to a dangerous condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Recognizing the Signs of Ketones

It's important to monitor your ketone levels, especially when you have high blood glucose levels or are feeling ill. You can check your ketone levels using a urine ketone test strip or a blood ketone meter. Symptoms of high ketones include:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Fruity-smelling breath
• Rapid, deep breathing
• Confusion

Preventing and Managing DKA

DKA is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. If you suspect you have DKA, seek medical attention immediately. Prevention is key. Monitor your blood glucose levels regularly, take your insulin as prescribed, and stay hydrated. If you're sick, check your ketone levels more frequently and follow your healthcare team's sick-day plan.

When and How to Seek Emergency Medical Attention at Hospitals (Emergency Rooms)

Knowing when to seek emergency medical attention is crucial for managing diabetes safely. Certain situations require immediate intervention. Go to the nearest emergency room or call emergency services if you experience any of the following:

• Severe hypoglycemia that doesn't respond to treatment
• Signs of DKA (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fruity breath, rapid breathing, confusion)
• Loss of consciousness
• Seizures
• Severe illness or infection with high blood glucose levels
• Difficulty breathing

Do not hesitate to seek emergency medical care when needed. It's always better to err on the side of caution when it comes to your health. Be prepared to provide medical personnel with information about your diabetes, insulin regimen, and current symptoms. Remember that proactive management and prompt action can prevent serious complications and ensure your safety while using insulin therapy.

So, that's the rundown on how you calculate insulin dosage, at least in the US! Remember, this is just a guide, and everyone's different. Always chat with your doctor or certified diabetes educator to fine-tune your insulin plan. They'll help you understand exactly how you should calculate insulin dosage based on your unique needs and lifestyle. Stay healthy!